Explanation of Noun Clauses in English

Explanation of Noun Clauses in English Noun clauses are clauses that function as nouns. Remember that clauses can be either dependent or independent. Noun clauses, like nouns, can be used as either subjects or objects. Noun clauses are therefore dependent clauses and as subject or object cannot stand alone as a sentence. Nouns Are Subjects or Objects Baseball is an interesting sport. Noun: Baseball subjectTom would like to buy that book. Noun: Book object Noun Clauses Are Subjects or Objects I like what he said. Noun clause: ... what he said objectWhat he bought was awful: Noun clause: What he bought ... subject Noun Clauses Can Also Be an Object of a Preposition Im not looking for what he likes. Noun clause: ... what he likes object of preposition forWe decided to look into how much it costs. Noun clause: ... how much it costs objects of preposition into Noun Clauses as Complements Noun clauses can play the role of a subject complement. Subject complements provide a further description,\ or clarification of a subject. Harrys problem was that he couldnt make a decision.Noun clause: ... that he couldnt make a decision. subject complement of problem describing what the problem was The uncertainty is whether he will attend or not.Noun clause: ... whether he will attend or not. subject complement of uncertainty describing what is uncertain Noun clauses can play the role of an adjective complement. Adjective complements often provide a reason why someone or something is a certain way. In other words, adjective compliments provide additional clarification to an adjective. I was upset that she couldnt come.Noun clause: ... that she couldnt come adjective complement explaining why I was upset Jennifer seemed angry that he refused to help her.Noun clause: ... that he refused to help her. adjective complement explaining why Jennifer seemed angry Noun Clause Markers Markers are what introduce noun clauses. These markers include: that if, whether (for yes / no questions) Question words (how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why) Ever words beginning with wh(however, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever) Examples: I didnt know that he was coming to the party. Could you tell me whether she can help us. The question is how to finish on time. Im sure I will enjoy whatever you cook for dinner. Noun Clauses Used with Common Phrases Noun clauses beginning with question words or if/whether are often used with common phrases such as: I dont know ... I cant remember ... Please tell me ... Do you know ... This use of noun clauses is also known as indirect questions. In indirect questions, we use a phrase to introduce a question with a short phrase and turn the question into a noun clause in statement order. When will he return? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know when he will return. Where are we going? Noun clause / indirect question: I cant remember where we are going. What time is it? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me what time it is. When does the plan arrive? Noun clause / indirect question: Do you know when the plane arrives? Yes / No Questions Yes / no questions can be expressed as noun clauses using if/whether: Are you coming to the party? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know if you are coming to the party. Is it expensive? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me whether it is expensive. Have they lived there long? Noun clause / indirect question: Im not sure if they have lived there long. Special Case of That The noun marker that which introduces noun clauses is the only marker that can be dropped. This is only true if that is used to introduce a noun clause in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Tim didnt know that she was available. OR Tim didnt know she was available.

American Settler Colonialism - Definition

American Settler Colonialism - Definition The term colonialism is possibly one of the most confusing, if not contested, concepts in American history and international relations theory. Most Americans would likely be hard-pressed to define it beyond the colonial period of US history when early European immigrants established their colonies in the New World. The assumption is that since the founding of the United States everybody who is born within the national boundaries is considered American citizens with equal rights, whether or not they consent to such citizenship. In this regard, the United States is normalized as the dominant power to which all its citizens, indigenous and non-indigenous alike, are subject. Although in theory a democracy of the people, by the people, and for the people, the nations actual history of imperialism betrays its democratic principles. This is the history of American colonialism. Two Kinds of Colonialism Colonialism as a concept has its roots in European expansionism and the founding of the so-called New World. The British, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, and other European powers established colonies in new places they discovered from which to facilitate trade and extract resources, in what can be thought of as the earliest stages of what we now call globalization. The mother country (known as the metropole) would come to dominate indigenous populations through their colonial governments, even when the indigenous population remained in the majority for the duration of colonial control. The most obvious examples are in Africa, such as the Dutch control over South Africa and French control over Algeria, and in Asia and the Pacific Rim, such as British control over India and Fiji and French domination over Tahiti. Beginning in the 1940s the world saw a wave of decolonization in many of Europes colonies as indigenous populations fought wars of resistance against colonial domination. Mahatma Gandhi would come to be recognized as one of the worlds greatest heroes for leading Indias fight against the British. Likewise, Nelson Mandela is today celebrated as a freedom fighter for South Africa where he was once considered a terrorist. In these instances European governments were forced to pack up and go home, relinquishing control to the indigenous population. But there were some places where colonial invasion decimated indigenous populations through foreign disease and military domination to the point where if the indigenous population survived at all, it became the minority while the settler population became the majority. The best examples of this are in North and South America, the Caribbean islands, New Zealand, Australia and even Israel. In these cases scholars have recently applied the term settler colonialism. Settler Colonialism Defined Settler colonialism has best been defined as more of an imposed structure than an historical event. This structure is characterized by relationships of domination and subjugation that become woven throughout the fabric of society, and even becomes disguised as paternalistic benevolence. The objective of settler colonialism is always the acquisition of indigenous territories and resources, which means the native must be eliminated. This can be accomplished in overt ways including biological warfare and military domination but also in more subtle ways; for example, through national policies of assimilation. As scholar Patrick Wolfe has argued, the logic of settler colonialism is that it destroys in order to replace. Assimilation involves the systematic stripping away of indigenous culture and replacing it with that of the dominant culture. One of the ways it does this in the United States is through racialization. Racialization is the process of measuring indigenous ethnicity in terms of blood degree; when indigenous people intermarry with non-indigenous people they are said to lower their indigenous (Indian or Native Hawaiian) blood quantum. According to this logic, when enough intermarriage has occurred there will be no more natives within a given lineage. It does not take into account personal identity based on cultural affiliation or other markers of cultural competence or involvement. Other ways United States carried out its assimilation policy included the allotment of Indian lands, forced enrollment in Indian boarding schools, termination and relocation programs, the bestowal of American citizenship, and Christianization. Narratives of Benevolence It can be said that a narrative based on the benevolence of the nation guides policy decisions once domination has been established in the settler colonial state. This is evident in many of the legal doctrines at the foundation of federal Indian law in the US. Primary among those doctrines is the doctrine of Christian discovery. The doctrine of discovery (a good example of benevolent paternalism) was first articulated by Supreme Court Justice John Marshall in Johnson v. McIntosh (1823), in which he opined that Indians had no right to title on their own lands in part because the new European immigrants bestow[ed] on them civilization and Christianity. Likewise, the trust doctrine presumes that the United States, as the trustee over Indian lands and resources, will always act with the best interests of Indians in mind. Two centuries of massive Indian land expropriations by the US and other abuses, however, betrays this idea. References Getches, David H., Charles F. Wilkinson and Robert A. Williams, Jr. Cases and Materials on Federal Indian Law, Fifth Edition. St. Paul: Thompson West Publishers, 2005.Wilkins, David and K. Tsianina Lomawaima. Uneven Ground: American Indian Sovereignty and Federal Indian Law. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.Wolfe, Patrick. Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native. Journal of Genocide Research, December 2006, pp. 387-409.

Operational Management 302 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operational Management 302 - Essay Example The implementation of these standards is usually through the national standard bodies. In particular, ISO 9000 deals with quality management systems. ISO 9000 is a family of standards that provides organizations with quality management standards as well as quality products and services. Some of the notable standards include the ISO 9001: 2008 that provide the specific requirements that are set for a quality management system. Another standard is the 9000: 2009; this provides the basic concepts that are applied as well as the language. In order to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of a quality management system, the ISO: 9004: 2009 comes into play. The most recent in this family is the ISO 19011: 2011; this one provides guidance on the audit of quality management system. ISO 9000 provides for a system audit in order to ensure adherence to set standards. Auditing is done in two main ways, firstly, by an external auditor and secondly by an internal auditor. The main objective of auditing is to ensure that at no given point will the system fail while providing continual improvement of the system. In some cases, the company can make a step of having the clients conduct an audit of the quality management systems. Auditing makes the company to develop an initiative of regular monitoring of its systems in order to ensure there is compliance with the set standards. Full compliance with the provisions of the ISO 9000 standards makes an organization to be ISO 9000-certified. The process of certification requires that an accreditation body be hired to conduct the assessment in order to prove whether there is compliance or not. The assessment of the organization is done from the staff level where they are interviewed in order to ensure they have an understanding of ISO compliance. In addition, the paperwork is assessed; a report is then made that details all the requirements that have been met as well as those that do not comply.

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Essay

The Meaning of Sovereignty, and Its Extent in Contemporary Nation-States. Sovereignty in the Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The 21st century saw some 200 independent states in the international community, the largest number of free states in history (Tsoundarou, 2002). The key factor for a state to be adjudged independent is its ability to effectively exercise its sovereignty unimpeded by external or internal forces. The concept of sovereignty is generally known by all as the ultimate power for self-determination in a free state. It is oftentimes equated with liberty or freedom. There is general agreement as to its description: sovereignty is absolute, limitless, indefeasible, inalienable, and indivisible (Underhill, 1808); it is qualitative or categorical, not quantitative and therefore not capable of description in percentage terms (Weber, 2011). Ideally, sovereignty resides in the people, although the government exercises the sovereign act in their name. Recently, however, developments in international relations have made it necessary to alter our concept of sovereignty, in order to create workable str uctures among nations that better address the imperatives of globalization and international cooperation. This essay posits the argument that the largely inwardly-looking concept of sovereignty being pursued by states in the Asia-Pacific region has acted as a constraint on the development of a strong regional union that would better serve their interests in a globalizing world. The predominant Westphalian sovereignty to which the Asia-Pacific nations cling is largely antithetical to the â€Å"pooling† of sovereignty that is a requisite to regional unification. In this regard, the Asia-Pacific region is not prepared to meet the imperatives of globalisation. The Meaning of Sovereignty The word â€Å"sovereignty† has been used in so many ways that a degree of ambiguity surrounds the determination of its meaning. In fact, there have been some authors who categorically state that sovereignty is impossible to define (Uruena, 2006). To illustrate the complexity of sovereignty as a concept, a taxonomy by Stephen Krasner (1999, in Weber, 2011, p. 3; Cohan, 1995, pp.912-916; and Jackson, 2006, pp. 63-64) identified four different usages: (1) Domestic sovereignty, that pertains to the power structure of state political authority, as well as the degree to which control is effected and imposed by this authority; (2) Interdependent sovereignty, pertaining to the degree by which the political authority is able to effect the entry and egress through its borders; (3) International legal sovereignty, that pertains to the recognition accorded to other states and which other states accord it; and (4) Westphalian sovereignty, that traditional form of sovereignty which excludes all foreign elements from its political processes. The general perception of â€Å"sovereignty† is that central power reserved by common consensus of nation states for the political head of that state. This began with the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, otherwise known as the â€Å"Peace Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their respective Allies.† Composed of 128 clauses, the document was originally meant to contain the minute details marking the conclusion of the Thirty Years War. It includes the return of landholdings to the different feudal lords, with the promise not to interfere in the regime being implemented in territories other than their own. In effect, the power of the emperor founded on the â€Å"claim of holy predominance was passed on to the kings and lords who exercise their own local predominance† (Jackson, 2006, p. 62). This notion of the absolute right of the sovereign was eventually taken to be the â€Å"

The Iliad Essay -- Literary Analysis, Homer

Divine Intervention is a â€Å"direct and obvious intervention by a god or goddess in the affairs of humans†. In various myths such as the Iliad, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and Herakles, divine intervention was called upon in order to restrain a hero’s destructive or too powerful forces. Although the divine intervention was used to impair different heroes, the purpose to constrain was the same in all the narratives. Homer’s The Iliad: Book XX features a battle between the Trojans and Achaians, shortly after Patroklus’ death (Lattimore Book XVI), where the gods must intervene in order to restrain Achilleus’ destructive nature that becomes amplified due to the grief and wrath as a result of the loss of his cousin/lover. The divine foresaw an early fall of Troy caused by the intensified destructive nature of Achilleus, therefore they interfered in the battle to protect a bigger ideal of fate, a fate of a nation, by manipulating smaller ideals of fate, the fates of people’s lives(Lattimore 405). At the beginning of the battle, after the gods descended from Olympus, they decide to sit and just watch how their mortal teams will fend for themselves until Apollo takes form as Lykoan and coerce Aeneias to challenge Achilleus, thus establishing the first act of divine intervention (Lattimore 406-407). When Achilleus is inches away from killing Aeneias, Poseidon takes sympathy u pon him and whisks him off to safety (Lattimore 407-411). The last interference occurs during the confrontation between Hektor and Achilleus, where Achilleus is about to murder him and Apollo saves Hektor (Lattimore 416). Hektor’s rescue in this battle is an important event in the Iliad because Achilleus’ and Hektor’s fates are interrelated, further meaning that if Hektor die... ...uring the 8th century BC and Herakles is the most present, dating at early 5th century BC. Observing these myths, it can be concluded that the gods’ involvement in these stories decrease and become less active as they near present times. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the furthest from present time, the divine intervention was evenly distributed, bringing up various gods, and found in the beginning, middle, and the end of the Sumerian epic. The Iliad, although the gods were active in the Book XX, didn’t have much previous activity throughout the Iliad because Zeus had banned divine interference (Lattimore 404). Herakles represented a very active Hera doing everything possible to hinder Herakles’ efforts, but it was mainly focused on her. Even though the gods and goddesses helped Herakles accomplish his labors, Hera’s role was the focal point of the divine intervention.

Passages in IF I Stay by Gayle Forman

Sometimes you make choices in life and sometimes choices make you. † At 2:48 A. M. (Page 67) I believe life is all about the little decisions we make every day. There is a choice you have to make in everything you do. So we must keep in mind that, the choice we make, makes us. Because after all, everything Just a matter of choice. â€Å"†¦ Dying is easy. Living is hard. † At 10:40 P. M. (Page 62) Living is hard. Living without purpose and without someone who loves you is even harder.And life has a lot of ups and down. The world is a dangerous and scary place. It takes gut to face the world. It takes a lot of courage to stand for the world. Maybe it's too poignant but it depends on one's point of view. Dying is a life chance or a choice. It's easy to decide whether you want to die or not. Therefore I believe this statement is true. â€Å"Life might take you down different roads. But each of you gets to decide which one to take. † At 4:57 A. M. Page 73) This pa ssage is also about making a choice. There are many different roads we will encounter, but in the end, it depends on our own decision. Life is the greatest journey you will be on, so the decisions we make can affect our way of life. The decisions we make in life can make our life. â€Å"People believe what they want to believe. † 4:49 P. M. (Page 29) People believe what they want to believe most of the time. They believe things without any reason but they believe often times without good reason.Lots of people have reasons for what they believe, but when those reasons are proven wrong they till stand on their point of view. â€Å"Fake it till you make it. † 5:40 P. M. (Page 35) If you don't feel confident, pretend you are until you gain the experience that is all for real. Act like you are something so you can, in fact, become that thing. Though it might seem force in the beginning, soon it will become natural. The mind can be tricked, and you can balance your life in t hat little trick. You will learn what you need to and turn pretend confidence into the real deal.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology

Ever since I was little I was extremely observant of the people surrounding me. I would watch and study their behaviors, always trying to figure out their thoughts and emotions. Recently I have realized that I could put my childhood play into a real life paying job, only instead of my peers I would get to study criminals. I don’t know much about Forensic Psychology other than the fact that I must achieve a PsyD, and I would be assigned different cities to live and work in. I want to learn about what is necessary for me to get the job, what the pay is, and what is required of me once I get the position. Forensic Psychology Forensic Psychology is the interaction of the practice or study of psychology and the law. This field of work is†¦show more content†¦Identically another article named â€Å"How to Become a Forensic PSychologist,† it’s quoted, â€Å"Most jobs in the forensic psychology field require a Master’s degree†¦ Those interested in achieving a position of seniority should pursue a PhD or PsyD,† (â€Å"How to Become a Forensic Psychologist† 2). All of these experts are saying the same thing, a doctorate degree will get the best job offers and will knock out any competition with only a Master’s degree. This line of work is though, and a willingness to spend a few extra years to expand any previous knowledge is looked upon favorably by employers. In addition to education, is the importance of training in this field. It takes specialized qualifications to have the ability to do this job. In the column â€Å"Criminal Psychologist Career: Job Duties, Skills, and Education,† the author writes about some of the qualifications needed to do this job. â€Å"Criminal psychologists must be adept at communicating effectively with others, including listening actively, and empathically. As a result, they must be experts in psychology, law, and oftentimes forensics as well,† (â€Å"Criminal Psychologist Career: Job Duties, Skills, and Education† 3). The people who decide to work this job must have the ability to listen and communicate with the criminals set before them. When the need arises theShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology1406 Words   |  6 PagesForensic Psychology At Its Core More than half of the world’s population is filled with criminals, individuals wonder why criminals do what they do. 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However the evidence show that even when a defendant use the insanity defense unsuccessfully they get longer convictions, which seemsRead MoreDuke Lacrosse Case3926 Words   |  16 Pagesalcohol-related outcomes† (p.456). Attending parties into the late hours of the night is definitely part of the college culture. The Duke Lacrosse players were just trying to have some fun when they decided to hired the strippers. It was to their disadvantage of the motive that one of the strippers had that lead to nationally recognized racial case. Parties can lead to negative outcomes when strippers and alcohol are combined but are an integral part of the college experience (Buettner, Khurana,